Chromosomal study down syndrome childhood associated with acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Background: Children with Down syndrome (CDS) are at increased risk of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and chromosomal abnormalities. This research aims to determine which type of Down syndrome is most likely to cause acute lymphoblastic leukemia and what chromosomal changes are most likely to occur with this syndrome. in the city of Kut. Methods: 120 blood samples were taken, divided into 30 blood samples of healthy children, 30 Blood samples from children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (only 30 cases with Down syndrome).and 30 cases of only patients with leukemia. These samples were compared with 30 blood samples of children with Down Syndrome as well as those diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, stored in heparin tubes, and transferred to the private laboratory. The results were studied and numerical changes were found in the chromosomes, in addition to that he suffers from Down syndrome, and the type most susceptible to infection was the type of trisomy. Clinical notes, hematological parameters, and cytogenetic analysis were studied for all cases, and these cases were collected for Al-Zahria and Al-Karmah Hospital in Al-Kut for the period from 2019-2021. Result: Of the 30 children with DS who also had acute ALL, most of the studied cases were found to have trisomy 21 with 95%, followed by 4% of the transitional type and 1% of the mosaic type. Trisomy 21 types. The type, based on the literature, is likely to develop the most severe lymphoblastic leukemia. For chromosomal changes of the disease associated with this syndrome as well. Numerical changes were more common with the disease, with two groups, the first called hyperdiploid, and hypodiploid. Conclusion: Through the results, we concluded that the type of Down syndrome, chromosome 21, trisomy 21, is the most likely to develop acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Excessive chromosomal changes are the most chromosomal aberrations in these cases in the city of Kut. In addition to the absence of statistically significant differences in age and sex for the studied cases, the possibility is due to the lack of samples available for these cases in the city of Kut.