Topical corticosteroids and its adverse effects: a review

Topical corticosteroids are one of the most commonly used treatments for dermatological disorders. They are highly preferred due to their strong immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory actions. They are used as different formulations, but topical formulations such as ointments, creams are used widely. Adverse effects outweigh the efficiency. These drugs are extensively prescribed by the consultants because of their rapid action. This practice has led to quite frequent overprescribing of these drugs and, thereby, increasing adverse drug reactions. Misuse of TCs is a widespread phenomenon among young people, especially women. Systemic adverse effects of topical corticosteroids like Cushing’s syndrome and hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis suppression is caused due to extended use. Withdrawal signs include erythema, itchiness, and burning; secondary lesions. Side effects are mostly reversible on termination of use. But prolonged use leads to serious adverse effects which cannot be reversible. Awareness of these effects reduces misuse, overprescribing of topical steroids.