Over the last few decades, a remarkable growth of research in the field of cognitive science has been identified. Cognitive science tries to answer about mind. It is a multidisciplinary field which includes within its scope various disciplines i.e., Psychology, Philosophy, Anthropology, Neuroscience, Linguistics and Computer Science. The purpose of this article is to briefly elucidate the nature of cognitive science and its link with computer science (Artificial Intelligence). Moreover the association between artificial intelligence and linguistics is outlined. Specifically, Speaker Recognition as an active process of cognition has been analyzed in term of its background, nature and forms. Finally, the application of speaker recognition and its limitations are discussed.