Alveolar bone grafting is an essential part of treatment concept in cleft lip and palate patients. Autogenous bone grafts are considered the gold standard treatment for human alveolar cleft defects. Alternative techniques like demineralized bone matrix, allogenic or xenogenic grafts and alloplasts have not produced comparable results. With the advent of cell culturing and tissue engineering, several attempts have been made to find engineered bone solutions for cleft alveolus. In this systemic review, we have reviewed articles and discussed the role of stem cell based approaches to bone regeneration in cleft alveolar defects.