Vulnerability of patients living with hiv / aids, with the use of haart or not who developed diabetes mellitus, evening the risks of xerostomy, caries and periodontic diseases

With the advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), a profound impact on the natural history of HIV infection has been observed. However, prolonged treatments with drug combinations are difficult to maintain due to poor adherence and toxic effects, generating undesirable side effects, which includes metabolic changes. Certain systemic diseases, such as Diabetes Mellitus, may occur, favoring the appearance, maintenance or exacerbation of diseases in the oral cavity. This study aimed to diagnose the risks of xerostomia, periodontal disease, caries and other oral and systemic diseases in patients living with HIV / AIDS, who developed diabetes mellitus (DM). Individuals of both genders were analyzed in all age groups, divided into three groups: Group I (control) - 70 patients, non-diabetic and HIV negative; Group II (control) - 70 patients living with diabetes mellitus and HIV negative; Group III - 70 patients living with HIV / AIDS and diagnosed with diabetes mellitus developed after initiation of HAART therapy. Measurements of salivary flow (salivary test), plaque index, presence of gingival bleeding, periodontal pocket and DMFT index were analyzed. Results: 60% of the patients in Group I presented normal levels and 20% presented intermediate and lower levels respectively, but when compared to Groups II and III, it is clear that there is an even greater decrease in patients with levels Group III (40%), with an increase in the intermediate and lower levels of Groups II and III. At salivary pH, Group I presented 74.3% of the patients with pH equal to 6.5; 20% at pH 7 and only 5.7% at pH 3.5, differing greatly from Groups II and III, where there is a much increased incidence at pH 7.0 (48.6% and 37.1% Groups 2 And 3 respectively). The ability to balance pH decreased gradually between Groups I, II and III at normal levels (54.3%, 51.4% and 45.7%), thus increasing the low levels among the same groups (5.7 %, 8.6% and 17.1%). For periodontal disease there is evidence of differences between groups (P ≤ 0.048). It is concluded that patients who use HAART have important systemic and oral changes that should be taken into account in order to better recognize the process of metabolic performance of the drugs inserted in HAART.