Millions of Americans suffer from peptic ulcer disease (PUD). With approximately 10% of the U.S. population experiencing this condition, it has significantly impacted our health care system. The prevalence within the United States has become equal for both men and women. Death rates over the last 50 years have declined for PUD, primarily due to decreases in men. Regardless of the overall reduction in mortality, death rates of elderly patients on nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have increased. PUD is the main cause for upper gastrointestinal (UGI) hemorrhage and other complications. This article is designed to provide background information regarding the disease process and appropriate management of PUD and the eradication of etiologic factors.