The preparation and structural studies were undertaken on the xMgO- 10Nb2O5-(89-x)TeO2-1CuO glass system containing Cu2+ as spin probe. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Infrared (IR), Electron Spin Resonance (ESR), Raman and optical absorption studies have been carried out. Glass transition temperature (Tg) of glass samples have been estimated from the DSC measurements and it has been found that Tg increasing with the MgO content. From IR and Raman spectra, it is clear that, present glass system consists of structural units of TeO3 (tp) and TeO4 (tbp) and NbO6 octahedra. TeO4 units are found to be converted into TeO3 units with increasing MgO content. From ESR spectra it is clear that the Cu2+ ion is in tetragonal distorted octahedral site with as ground state. Bonding parameters and bonding symmetry have been calculated from both optical absorption and ESR data and are found to change with increase in MgO content.