Review on sleep-disordered breathing and cardiac disorders

Sleep-disordered breathing, mainly involves obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and central sleep apnea (CSA). It is a most popularly noticed public health burden. OSA, consist of apneas or hypopneas and is associated with upper airway constriction or collapse. OSA results in daytime sleepiness and also serves as a cause for cardiovascular disorders whereas CSA is associated with Cheyne-Stokes respiration (CSR). Indicators of SDB include sleep apnea, hypopnea, snoring, snorting, daytime sleepiness, undersleeping, and oversleeping. The reasons for the increasing prevalence of sleep disorder indicators, includesinvention of artificial light, the rise of shift work, and 24-hour manufacturing. Risk factors identified includes age, gender, and body mass index (BMI).The potential pathogenetic mechanisms of cardiovascular disease in sleep-disordered breathing may includes endothelial dysfunction, hypoxia, inflammation, obesity, metabolic dysregulation, and sympathetic activation.