Prevalence of respiratory tract infections in pediatric department in tertiary care hospital

Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) represent a significant burden on pediatric healthcare systems globally. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of bacterial and viral RTIs and evaluate management patterns in a pediatric care hospital setting. A prospective observational study was conducted over six months, involving 200 pediatric cases. Clinical and demographic data were collected, and laboratory tests were performed to identify the etiology of RTIs. Statistical analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS, employing the chi-square test to compare different groups. Results revealed a high prevalence of both bacterial and viral RTIs among pediatric patients, with viral infections being more common. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and influenza viruses were the most frequently detected viral pathogens, while Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae were predominant bacterial pathogens. Management patterns varied, with antibiotics commonly prescribed for bacterial RTIs and supportive care for viral RTIs. The findings highlight the need for effective diagnostic strategies and appropriate management protocols tailored to the etiology of RTIs in pediatric populations. Further research is warranted to optimize treatment strategies and reduce the burden of RTIs on pediatric healthcare systems.