Histopathological study of bone lesions

Aim & objectives: Histopathological study of various bone lesions to determine the spectrum of bone lesions and to correlate it with demographic features like age, sex and type of lesion.
Material and Methods: A retrospective study was done at Sree Narayana Institute of Medical Sciences, Chalakka, North Paravur over a period of 3 years from January 2014 to January 2017. A total of 124 cases were included in the study. Patients were assessed by detailed clinical examination and radiological investigations followed by which bone biopsy was performed and histopathological diagnosis were made.
Result: Out of 124 cases 81 patients were male and 43 were female. Maximum 58 patients were of age group 25-50 years of age. 36 cases were of age group more than 50 years of age and rest 30 were of age less than 25 years. The incidence of non-neoplastic bone lesions was 78(62.90%) while neoplastic lesion was 46 (37.09%). Amongst neoplastic lesion, incidence of benign lesion was 34 (27.41%) and malignant lesion was 12 (9.67%). Out of 12 cases of malignant bone tumors, 7 were primary bone tumors while 5 were secondary bone metastasis.Out of 78 non-neoplastic cases, most common diagnosis was chronic osteomyelitis (28 cases).Osteoclastoma was most common benign tumor (10 cases) while osteosarcoma was found to be most common primary malignant tumor (3 cases).
Conclusion: Bone tumors occurred predominantly during 25-50 years of age with a male preponderance. Giant cell tumor was the most common benign tumor and Osteosarcoma was the most common malignant bone tumor. An integrated approach involving radiography, histopathology, and clinical data are necessary to form an accurate diagnosis and proper management of patient.