Histopathological pattern in prostatic biopsies

Background: The incidence of prostatic diseases increases with increasing age. Prostate gland is about walnut size and surrounds the urethra. The most common diseases are prostatitis, benign prostatic hyperplasia and carcinomas causing mortality and morbidity in males. Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer among males, next to lung cancer worldwide. The purpose of this study is to evaluate histopathological pattern of prostatic lesions in prostatectomy specimens with focus on premalignant and malignant lesions.
Material and method: The present study was a retrospective analysis of prostatic lesions for a period of four years from January 2016 to December 2019. It includes 222 cases of prostatectomy specimen received in the department of pathology, KD Medical college, Hospital and Research Center Mathura Uttar Pradesh. Hematoxylin and Eosin stained sections were examined. The relevant clinical details pertaining to age, clinical complaints and microscopic details were analysed and compared with other similar studies.
Result: Out of the total 222 prostatectomy specimens,202 (90.99%) were of benign prostatic hyperplasia, 13 (5.85%) were of prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) and 7 (3.15%) cases were of Prostatic cancer. Less frequent findings were granulomatous prostatitis in 2 cases and atypical adenomatous hyperplasia (AAH) in 2 out of 222 cases (0.90%). All the 7 cases (3.15%) of prostate cancer were adenocarcinoma, 5 of which were poorly differentiated and 2 were moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma.
Conclusion: Our study showed that non-neoplastic lesions of prostate are more common than neoplastic ones. The most commonly encountered prostatic lesion was benign prostatic hyperplasia, commonly seen in seventh decade (61-70 years). The malignant lesions were common among the males of more than 60 years. Transurethral resection of prostate can be helpful in early identification of premalignant lesions and incidental prostate cancer which can improve the treatment outcome of patients.