Plants are fundamental components of the food chain in that they provide all essential nutrients to humans by animal food consumption. The vegetarian diets are rich in antioxidants, folic acid, vitamin D, iodine, carbohydrates, n-6 fatty acids, dietary fiber, magnesium, zinc, and relatively low in some essential amino acids, saturated fat, long-chain n-3 fatty acids. These facts are connected with certain health benefits or risks in population consuming exclusively or predominantly plant food. The study focused on monitoring the intake of selected nutrients and the determination of selected parameters to point out the possibilities of prevention in cardiovascular disease and diabetes.