Emerging role of diet and micronutrients in conservative management of ckd not on dialysis

Though dietary factors are not directly involved in kidney damage, dietary habits significantly affect well-known risk factors for chronic kidney disease (CKD). Proper nutritional management in early CKD patients may positively influence modifiable risk factors such as hyperglycaemia, hypertension, and proteinuria as well as improve various metabolic alterations. Low protein diet helps in controlling uremic symptoms. Excess consumption of table sugars or beverages sweetened by sugar is associated with an increased risk of CKD. Dietary fibre intake helps lower blood pressure, serum lipid levels and level of inflammatory mediators and have protective cardiovascular effects. Patients with chronic kidney disease are recommended to consume diet low in sodium as well as to prevent retention of fluids and hypertension and reduce the risk of cardiovascular complications. It is essential to regulate dietary protein, fat and fibre intake and other micronutrient intake to reduce the rising incidence and prevalence of chronic kidney diseases.