Co-distribution and co-infection of dengue and chikungunya viruses- an underestimated threat

Introduction: Dengue and chikungunya are important mosquito-borne viral diseases of humans. In areas where both viruses co-circulate, they can be transmitted together.
Aim & Objectives: This study was conducted to know the prevalence of dengue and chikungunya and their co-infection as well to study clinical features.
Material and Methods: Blood samples were collected from clinically suspected cases of dengue and chikungunya infection and were tested for dengue IgM antibody, dengue NS1 antigen and chikungunya IgM antibodies by ELISA.
Results: Total 2153 samples for dengue, chikungunya and its co-infection were tested. 350 (16.26%) samples were found positive for dengue and 203 (09.43%) were found to be positive for chikungunya. Co-infection of dengue and chikungunya was found in 64 (02.97%) samples out of the 2153 samples. Adults in the age group of 21 years to 30 years were affected higher than any other age group in dengue, chikungunya and their co -infection. Males were affected more than females in dengue infection while in chikungunya; Rash, haemorrhagic manifestations and thrombocytopenia were more common in dengue fever and chikungunya infection was commonly presented with arthralgia and leucocytosis. Severe VAS score was seen in mono chikungunya and co-infection.
Conclusion: Dengue and chikungunya viruses can cause dual infections in humans, resulting in illness with overlapping signs and symptoms, making diagnosis and treatment difficult. Hence, clinically suspected cases should be tested for both the pathogens in the endemic areas.