The Review paper aims at exploring the theories of associative learning, their neurobiological basis and explanation of deviance (Psychopathology) on the basis of these theories in the light of recent research. The paper mentions relation of classical theories to recent research. There are sections discussing theories of associative learning, how “wrong”/ deviant responses/ behavior are learned i.e. how there are chances of development of psychopathology by learning. The research studies discussed, involve implementation of classical and new theories of conditioning into describing phenomena of overall learning, the underlying biology of learning along with conceptualization of development of psychopathology from a neurobiological perspective.